Subsea Cables & Internet Infrastructure

1. Hyperscalers are worried that a capacity shortage will materialize two or three years down the road due to robust traffic growth and the absence of any major subsea cable project in the pipeline. Their network investment teams are studying the issue. 2. 2Africa is bypassing the Red Sea by building Northeast African routes that will connect either Mombasa to the Sudan 2Africa CLS in the Red Sea or a route from Djibouti to the same CLS. Decision has not yet been made. 3. 2Africa from Mombasa to Marseille should be live next summer. This will bring relief to carriers and ISPs alike. 4. Africa-1 project is struggling and may be out of funds. 5. Mombasa is the subsea cable hub, but Nairobi is the data center for Kenya. 6. Excess capacity on Equiano and 2Africa exists and ISPs should stock up before the Telecom Winter arrives.

EXA unveiled its first home grown long haul subsea cable project today. Meridian is a 24 fibre pair cable that should reach or exceed the half petabit per second transmission milestone. It will land in New Jersey, and at Brean, UK, where EXA's low latency Express cable (a Hibernia Atlantic project that was RFS in 2015) lands. I believe EXA will deploy a prefabricated, modular cable landing station in New Jersey to ensure the physical diversity that hyperscaler clients desire. Another possibility is the NJFX facility. The term 'Meridian' can refer to the Meridian line that goes through Greenwich, UK and connects the North and South poles. The term also means 'the peak of success or excellence'.  This cable project is a gutsy move. There have no pure carrier projects connecting North America to Europe since the Express cable went live. From 2016 to the present all Atlantic cables have been hyperscaler owned and designed. So EXA is counting on hyperscalers to take fibr...

Google is a good example. The Umoja cable directly links South Africa to Australia. Humboldt links Chile to Australia. There is also a new planned cable directly linking the Indian East Coast to South Africa. No carrier consortium would ever entertain lighting such routes.  The answer is simple. As Google revenues become bigger and bigger, the opportunity cost per millisecond of any network disruption rises. More money is lost per unit of time and hence it makes sense to plough more resources into resiliency. As economists say, marginal benefit exceeds marginal cost. Google isn't building South Africa to India because there is a flood of traffic between the two countries. A key reason to do is greater routing options and hence a more stable network. The other part of the answer is Google's cloud aspirations. Its current global market share is 15% versus Microsoft at 20% and Amazon's 28%. In other words, it is playing catch up. Now Amazon has most of the Fortune...

JAKO is a high capacity cable connecting Korea and Japan via a Busan, Korea, and a Fukuoka, Japan landing. Busan is a major Korean cable landing spot. Nine cables including JAKO land in Busan. The cable's consortium consists of Microsoft, Amazon, Arteria (important Japanese back haul carrier), and the Korean Dreamline company. Dreamline is a Korean carrier that provides tower services, metro and long haul connectivity. It is increasingly common for hyperscalers to team up with competitive carriers in Asia because the regional PTTs are viewed as difficult, slow to make decisions, and too concerned about protecting their home turf. Uncooperative is hyperscaler diplomatic language to describe the telecom incumbents. NTT is an exception to this generalization. Obviously this cable reflects Microsoft and Amazon's cloud and AI ambitions. No public information is available on the number of fibre pairs. Given the fixed costs associated with cable deployment and rapidly growing traffic,...

Pay salesmen low salaries and 5% to 10% of on-net revenue. A good salesman does not need a high salary. He or she achieves high income by selling. It is what they enjoy doing. This is the standard Wall Street broker compensation package. New brokers end up sharing apartments with lots of other brokers and commuting from New Jersey. Real sales meritocracy is pay for performance.  Profits are not maximized by paying a high salary combined with low commission rates, and high quotas. It simply creates huge staff turnover as people charm themselves into a high paying job, produce only one or two deals over their first six to 12 months, and then jump ship just before they are going to fired. I have seen it happen time and time again. The empty suit charmers. The resume red flag is a sales guy or gal moving from carrier to carrier every 1 to 2 years. The resulting churn from these bad apples dramatically lowers sales revenue per employee. Plus it rewards a few select salesmen who were luc...