Subsea Cables & Internet Infrastructure

The FCC is introducing a new regulatory framework for subsea cables. The previous approach involved a Federal interagency group known as Team Telecom reviewing each cable landing and the associated owners of the subsea network. Team Telecom includes representatives of the FCC, Department of Defense, Department of Justice, and Homeland Security. Moreover, advisory agencies include Department of State, Treasury, Commerce, Director of National Intelligence, Office of the US Trade Representative, and General Services Administration. Consequently, approval delays were common as well as regulatory overkill because each applicant must go through the same steps regardless of previous successful applications. The new regulatory regime places applicants in different risk buckets. Low risk applicants can bypass Team Telecom and quickly get a landing license approved. An applicant shows it is low risk by meeting the following requirements. 1. Applicant certifies compliance with ten F...

It turns out that the CS Sovereign, a Global Marine ship whose home port is Portland, UK, is sailing down the West African cost to Abidjan to fix WACS. Why was the Sovereign chosen when it is so far away? Every cable system has one or two storage depots where fibre is kept for repairs. WACS spare fiber and other repair supplies are kept at Brest, France. Now Orange Marine has a cable ship, the well known Léon Thévenin, at anchor in Capetown, South Africa. But if the supply depot is in Europe, a nearby cable ship becomes useless. It all makes eminent sense because WACS connects both the UK and Lisbon to West Africa and the cable was laid from the UK to Lisbon and down the West African coast. So the starting point for deployment was Europe and hence that is where the spare supplies are located. However, this is a severe logistical mistake since most WACS outages occur between Senegal and Congo, not in European waters.

Fear is gripping the SpaceX Faithful as they watch their Dreams of Dominating the Galaxy evaporate in the harsh glare of market financial scrutiny. Short term the market is a voting machine. But long term, it's a calculating machine. August 5th is the quarterly earning release. It will show more massive losses just like 1Q2026. Moreover, the investors that financed SpaceX as a private company will soon be able to sell their shares and given the downward price trajectory, they will not hesitate to sell. 😉 I think the stock's fair value is in the 30s. I recommend a buy when it gets there. 😄

The cable ship repair permit has been granted. It is expected to arrive off Abidjan on July 22nd. The 2Africa cable will be the first repaired despite its outage being limited to the Cote d'Ivoire branch. WACS repair is expected to begin at the month's end. The ASN Ile D'Ouessant cable ship left Capo Verde last week and will arrive in the Gulf of Guinea this Wednesday.

Goldman Sachs, the lead for the public offering, justified the $150 IPO price based on the assumption that SpaceX 2025 revenues of $18.67 billion would grow to $474 billion in 2030, including the AI division, which generated $3 billion in 2025, growing to $322 billion in 2030. Given that most of of the AI division's data center space has been leased to third parties in the last several months, this may be a bit generous. 🙃  The entire Goldman Sachs forecast was grounded in the premise that SpaceX will dominate the AI space. Yet its own employees don't use its trademark Grok product and the AI division's subscription growth is 24% per annum with total 2025 revenues of $3 billion. In contrast, OpenAI's revenues for the same year were $25 billion with a 233% annual growth rate. 

Keppel is a member of the Bifrost Consortium. It is essentially arbitraging the difference between per pair consortium cost and what third parties are willing to pay for them. The arbitrage business model comes back to the beginning of telecommunications competition when voice carriers engaged in various kinds of arbitrage to lure customers away from the incumbents. Note Keppel sells no lit services. You must go to Telin today for lit Bifrost services, at least until some of these fibre pair purchases turn into lit wholesale capacity.