Subsea Cables & Internet Infrastructure

Rumors have been floating around for several months about a successor project to AAE1 known as AAE2. Like AAE1, the key goal is to connect Hong Kong and Singapore to India, the Middle East, and Europe. The core consortium includes PCCW, Telecom Egypt, Omantel, and Sparkle. Just like other recent projects such as SMW6, AAE2 will avoid the Red Sea. Instead, the cable will land in Oman, then traverse Saudi Arabia and Egypt to reach the Red Sea. I applaud the cable's designers for ditching the Red Sea. It was long overdue. However, a more logical approach is to avoid Egypt all together. The Saudi Arabian desert will be expensive. The consortium has increased both capex and opex further by using Egypt for transit. Egypt treats subsea cables the way a toll road treats cars. It extracts a monopoly fee from them. It makes no sense given that Israel has a competitive telecom market versus Egypt's pseudo competitive market.  Another interesting design feature is that Italy was mentioned ...

The three fibre pair Quintillion cable went live in 2017. Its current throughput is 10 Tbps per fibre pair. It includes terrestrial back haul from Prudhoe Bay down to Fairbank, Alaska, in the middle of the state. The cable was deeply buried with an average depth of 3.7 meters with bore pipes used to bring the fibre pair ashore to the manhole. Each landing threads the fibre optic cable through steel conduit at least 18 meters under the sea floor up to 1.6 kilometers offshore. This was accomplished via horizontal directional drilling. Project cost was around $150 million. The cable is a godsend for these Alaskan communities and was built to top notch engineering standards. But it still suffers from ice scouring incidents where icebergs cut through the sea floor and have severed or severely damaged the cable. A major outage occurs roughly once a year, but the real problem is the repair time. It is simply not economical for a subsea cable to own an icebreaker or to risk a cable ship's ...

A total of 9 cables land on the beaches near the small town of Bude, UK. There are four operational cable landing stations serving them in the Bude, UK area: two Vodafone CLS, a Colt (former Lumen) CLS, and a BT facility. Please click on https://lnkd.in/gGAP3QMA for a plethora of photos of the cable landing stations. The map illustrates the tendency for telecommunications networks to lack adequate physical diversity to ensure resiliency. Sometimes a laissez faire regulation is not the right approach. Most back haul fibre from the cable landing stations to London probably traverses the single road parallel to the beaches. See below.  When I worked at Hibernia Atlantic as an exclusive sales contractor, we cited the concentration of cables at Highbridge and Bude as good reasons to purchase capacity on the Hibernia North & South cables. North lands several hundred kilometers above Cornwall and at Halifax on the North American side. It was a compelling sales ptich. These cables toda...

Marseille was formerly a telecom backwater. It was a minor POP location. But then several things happened. The UK lost its super telecom hub status because it had become almost a single point of failure. Virtually every Atlantic cable linking the two continents landed in Cornwall, England. Secondly, Brexit meant that the UK was no longer part of Europe proper, but rather a political anomaly on its periphery. Thirdly, the Digital Titans recognized that most Asian-Europe traffic Asia was bound for the European continent. Latency could be sharply reduced by going up the Red Sea, across Egypt, and then traverse the Mediterranean to Southern European landings. Finally, traffic originating in Asia and destined for Europe was growing rapidly. So the bureaucrats of the Port Authority of Marseille built segregated landing facilities and sea lanes. Permit application process was streamlined so only one office was involved. Secure facilities were set up for power feeds. By the end of 2026, 16 cab...