Subsea Cables & Internet Infrastructure

I build low energy homes. One of the best building insulators are vacuum insulated panels, which have a dense core of fiber glass from which all gases been removed. Any vacuum, like space, eliminates the convection and conduction of heat. Hence the only way for heat to flow is via thermal radiation. But thermal radiation is long wavelength. In other words, it doesn't carry a lot of energy. Hence thermal radiation is low intensity, and consequently, the radiating object cools very slowly. An object at 20 degrees placed in outer space will only radiate 500 watts per square meter of surface area. The temperature falls one centigrade every three to four minutes. Not exactly like the science fiction depictions where someone is ejected from an air lock and freezes instantaneously.  On earth we use convection to dissipate heat. Air and water are the usual media. This is just much more efficient than radiation will ever be. For more details on the woes of cooling orbital data centers click...

  A good primer on the physical structure of an optical fibre strand with some basic physics to give you insight into how it really works. Optical fibre is an ultra pure, high quality glass designed to carry infrared laser signals encoding bits, in other words, zeros and ones. It consists of a core which is the optical highway for the laser light, a cladding designed to protect the core and prevent external light from reaching the core or light traversing the core from escaping, and finally, soft and hard plastic coatings as further protection. For full details, see https://learn.aflglobal.com/enterprise/the-basic-structure-of-optical-fiber.